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Fifteenth
Amendment
Proposed
on February 26, 1869. Ratified on February 3, 1870.
Sect.
1. The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.
Sect.
2. The Congress shall have power to
enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Order
of State Ratification
| Nevada |
Jun
25, 1866 |
West
Virginia |
Mar
3, 1869 |
| Illinois |
Mar
5, 1869 |
Louisiana |
Mar
5, 1869 |
| North
Carolina |
Mar
5, 1869 |
Michigan |
Mar
8, 1869 |
| Wisconsin |
Mar
9, 1869 |
Maine |
Mar
11, 1869 |
| Massachusetts |
Mar
12, 1869 |
Arkansas |
Mar
15, 1869 |
| South
Carolina |
Mar
15, 1869 |
Pennsylvania |
Mar
25, 1869 |
| New
York |
Apr
14, 1869 |
Indiana |
May
14, 1869 |
| Connecticut |
May
19, 1869 |
Florida |
Jun
14, 1869 |
| New
Hampshire |
Jul
1, 1869 |
Virginia |
Oct
8, 1869 |
| Vermont |
Oct
20, 1869 |
Missouri |
Jan
7, 1870 |
| Minnesota |
Jan
13, 1870 |
Mississippi |
Jan
17, 1870 |
| Rhode
Island |
Jan
18, 1870 |
Kansas |
Jan
19, 1870 |
| Ohio |
Jan
27, 1870 |
Georgia |
Feb
2, 1870 |
| Iowa |
Feb
3, 1870 |
Nebraska |
Feb
17, 1870 |
| Texas |
Feb
18, 1870 |
New
Jersey |
Feb
15, 1871 |
| Delaware |
Feb
12, 1901 |
Oregon |
Feb
24, 1959 |
| California |
Apr
3, 1962 |
Kentucky |
Mar
18, 1976 |
| Denotes
last state required for ratification. |
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Court
Cases |
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Guinn
and Beal v. United States, 238 U.S. 347 (1915)
City
of Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980)
Janet
Reno, Attorney General, Appellant v. Bossier Parish
School Board
Smith
v. Allwright (1944)
Katzenbach
v. Morgan (1966)
Ruth
O. Shaw, et al., Appellants v. Janet Reno, Attorney
General, et al. (June 28, 1993)
Rice
v. Cayetano
Oregon
v. Mitchell, Attorney General
Bush
v. Vera
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References
and Articles |
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The
Fifteenth Amendment Parade and Celebration of May 19,
1870
Right
of Citizens to Vote
Abolition
of Suffrage Qualifications on Basis of Race
Analysis
and Interpretation
The
Fifteenth Amendment--Rights of Citizens to Vote
U.S.
Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Voting
Section: Enforcement of Voting Rights
Voting
in the United States; It Wasn't Always for Everybody
Amendment
by Desuetude
Racial
and Ethnic Discrimination
Politics
as Usual or Unusual Politics?
Would
a Gore Court Uphold Hawaii's Race Laws?
The
Voting Rights Act, 1965
Hawaii's
Racialist Policies
The
Right to Vote/Voters and Their Rights
Brennan
Lecture State Courts and Democracy: The Role of State Courts in the Battle for Inclusive Participation in
the Electoral Process |
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